Fractional CTO · Engineering teams · AI

Happy is a metric.

Two kinds of people matter: the people who use your product, and the people who build it. If they're happy, everything else is easy.

I build and lead engineering teams, or work beside the leader you already have. Experienced technical leadership, practical AI adoption, and a culture where people can thrive. Better products and better workplaces should go together.

20 years acrossGoogleAppleMicrosoftNestVanu
Customers · Engineers · Business

Where I make a difference.

01

For your customers

Ship the right thing, learn from feedback, and make products people love using.

02

For your engineers

Give talented people ownership, trust, strong teammates, and AI tools that remove frustrating work.

03

For your business

Get an experienced fractional CTO who can lead change and measure outcomes without building dependency.

Machines build. People direct. Customers decide.

AI in engineering
AI should make good teams even better.

AI is changing how software gets built. I help engineering organizations figure out where it genuinely helps, adapt their workflows, and measure the results.

The goal isn't to generate more code. It's to build better products, faster, with people who enjoy the work.

AI problems

The AI problems worth worrying about

None of them are about the model.

Your engineers adopted AI. Most teams have. Here's what's happening in engineering orgs right now, according to the people who survey them.

01 · The board
97%

of CIOs report more board pressure for measurable AI results than last year. 86% say the CEO tied their job to AI outcomes.

Dataiku / Harris Poll, Sep 2026
02 · Review is drowning
2×

AI now writes about half of merged code, and median PR size nearly doubled. Senior engineers spend their days reviewing "slop grenades" someone else didn't read.

DX, Q2 2026
03 · The bill
$1.5K→$44K

AI spend per org per quarter, while the share of time spent on new features stayed flat. Uber used up its whole 2026 AI coding budget by April.

DX, Q2 2026 · Inc., 2026
04 · Trust
29%

of developers trust the accuracy of AI output, down from 40% two years ago. People route around tools they don't trust.

Stack Overflow Developer Survey, 2026
05 · Production
89%

of organizations have had an AI-related production incident. Fewer than 4% of leaders think their current process is enough.

Qodo, 2026 (vendor survey)
06 · Nobody owns it
70%

of enterprises are predicted to abandon AI agents that vendors built for them by 2028, because they can't afford to change them themselves.

Gartner prediction, Sep 2026
Trust, review, incentives, ownership. Every one of these is a team problem. And building teams is what I do.
For CTOs and engineering leaders

You stay the leader

I'm not here for your job.

You don't need a new leader. You need a second pair of hands while the ground moves under you.

  • The report goes to you first.Not over your head to the CEO or the board. You decide what happens with it.
  • The results are yours.The scorecard is your team's before/after, and you present it. I make you look good to your board.
  • No permanent title on your org chart.I work next to you, at the pace and on the problems you pick.
  • Leaving is always the plan.I like the building more than the running. When your team can run it without me, I'm done, and I say so.
What I measure

What I measure

Outcomes the business feels. Not activity that looks good on a slide.

The goal was never maximum AI usage. It's better software, delivered faster, for less, by people who still want to work there next year.

On the scorecard
  • Feedback-to-ship time: from a customer saying it to a change shipping
  • Cycle time, deploy frequency and PR size
  • Minutes from a fresh checkout to a passing build and test run
  • Change failure rate, escaped defects and AI-related incidents
  • Total cost per shipped feature: AI spend plus engineer time
  • Human review time per AI-generated change
  • Regretted attrition and a developer survey score
  • Trust in the AI tools, asked of the people using them
  • How much of the tooling your own team runs after I leave
Not on the scorecard
  • "% of code written by AI"
  • AI seat counts and licenses bought
  • Raw token usage
  • Lines of code
  • Story points shipped

Pay people to burn tokens and they'll burn tokens. Incentives matter more than tools.

AI cost is only part of the cost. If the AI bill goes up and the total cost of shipping a feature goes down, that's a win.
total cost per feature = AI spend + engineer time
The scorecard

The scorecard

Pick five or six rows in week one. Measure them. Move them.

The rows come in three groups, in order of what matters: the people who use your product, the people who build it, and the tools they use.

Customersthe people who use it
01Feedback to ship

How fast does the product learn?

From a customer telling you something to a change in their hands. This is the loop that actually makes money.

  • Feedback to shipped changedays
  • Experiments per monthcount
  • Customer-reported defectscount
02Yours

The number your board keeps asking about.

Revenue per feature, churn, a launch date. If a metric keeps showing up in board decks, it goes on the card. We agree on it in writing before I start.

Teamthe people who build it
03People · the row nobody else measures

Are your people happier, and staying?

AI's biggest problems right now are people problems: engineers who don't trust the output, slop tossed over the wall for someone else to review, seniors burning out on the extra volume, and incentives that reward token use instead of results. I treat those as team problems, and I put a number on them.

This is how "a happy, well-oiled machine" stops being a vibe and becomes something your board can read. Happier people build better stuff and make the company more money.

Regretted attritionpeople you didn't want to lose
Developer survey scoresame questions, before & after
Trust in AI toolsasked of the people using them
Offer acceptance ratedo good engineers say yes?
Ramp time for new hiresdays to first real change
Toolseverything else, AI included
04Delivery

Is the team shipping faster?

AI made typing fast. Whether the whole loop from idea to production got faster is a different question.

  • Cycle timedays
  • Deploy frequencyper week
  • Checkout to passing testsminutes
05Quality

Did more code mean more bugs?

If writing code scaled and checking it didn't, you're shipping defects faster. This row catches that.

  • Change failure rate%
  • Escaped defectscount
  • AI-related incidentscount
06Total cost

What does a feature cost now?

AI spend plus engineer time, per shipped feature. The AI bill alone is the wrong number.

  • AI spend / feature$
  • Engineer time / featurehours
  • Review time / AI changemin
07Hardware cycle

If your team builds hardware.

Prototype, test, certification, factory run. AI used well by the team makes every step shorter.

  • Prototype to certificationweeks
  • Test cycle timehours
  • First-pass yield%
  • Time to root-cause a failuredays
08Ownership

Who runs it when I'm gone?

The share of tools and pipelines your own team runs after the handoff. If this isn't high, I didn't finish.

  • Tools run in-house%
  • Pipelines run in-house%
  • Playbook writtenyes / no
The method

Catch it early. Fix it fast.

Machines build. People direct. Customers decide.

01

Code is cheap.

AI writes it in seconds, so the cost of software moved.

02

Checking is essential.

A bug costs roughly ten times more at every stage it survives.

03

Judgment is expensive.

Your best people's attention is the scarcest thing you have.

04

Customers are the point.

Engineering is the tool. Fitting the product to more customers is the goal.

What a bug costs, by where it's caughtrule of thumb: roughly 10× per stage
Software
Writingminutes
Reviewan hour
Testsa rerun
Staginga lost day
Productiona war room
Customerrefunds, churn
Hardware
Simulationhours
Labdays
Certificationretest fees
Factoryscrap, respin
Fieldreturns, recall

So I automate the checking, and make it fast.

If the product can be checked out, built and fully unit-tested in minutes, then fixing a bug takes minutes, for an engineer and for an AI. Agents check their own work before anyone reviews it. New hires ship on day one. Nobody batches fixes because the build takes an hour. Slow builds and flaky tests are a tax on every change, so I treat the development environment as part of the product.

Agents don't argue with a failing test. Use that.

Human judgment is expensive, and it's the part that matters.

Your best engineers' attention should go to what to build, how it fits together, and the changes that could really hurt. Not to reading AI slop or waiting for builds. Automation protects their judgment.

Customers are the point.

A mountain of code with every test passing doesn't make a dollar. What does is people learning from customers and adjusting the product, fast, so it fits more of them. Engineering is the tool. The team is how you use it.

That's why my scorecard counts the whole cost of a feature, and starts with the customer.

How I work

How I work

Measure first. Build with your team. Hand it off. Measure again.

Baseline

Measure before touching anything.

I get into your code, your pipeline, your AI spend and your team. A short survey and a lot of listening. We write down where the rows are today.

Build

Work with your engineers.

Review gates, cost controls, specs and tests outside the code, the hiring loop, whatever the goals call for. Built with your people, not around them.

Hand off

Your people run it.

The tools, gates and dashboards move to the people who'll keep them. I write the playbook and step back while it still has training wheels.

Score

Same rows, measured again.

Baseline next to after, in a format you can hand your board. If a number didn't move, it says so.

ScorecardPick 2–3goalsBuildMeasureHandovereverymonth

A retainer is many cycles, not one project.

The first cycle follows the bar private-equity operating partners use: a baseline in 30 days, something working in 60, documented impact in 90. After that, a retainer keeps the loop running. Each month we pick two or three goals, build, measure, and hand over what's ready. The scorecard never stops, and each month starts where the last one ended.

30days

A baseline and the real bottleneck.

60days

Something working, numbers moving.

90days

Documented impact, then the next cycle.

Ways to work together

Ways to work together

Four ways, from a two-week look to building the whole team.

01 · Assess

Assess

I look. You decide.
For
A leader who wants an honest outside read before deciding anything.
Where I sit
Outside the team. The report goes to you first.
You get
A filled-in scorecard baseline, where AI helps and where it only adds cost, and a plan.
Time
2 weeks, fixed scope
~$10–15K fee credited toward next step
02 · Advise

Advise

Your senior second opinion.
For
A CTO or CEO who needs a senior sounding board, not more hands.
Where I sit
Beside the leader, about one day a week.
Scope
One or two narrow goals a month: the hiring loop, an AI tool policy, an architecture call.
Time
Monthly, ongoing cycles
~$10–12K / month
most common 03 · Accelerate

Accelerate

I work next to your leader.
For
An existing team with one thing to fix or speed up: the AI workflow, review, a first real AI feature.
Where I sit
Inside the team, next to your CTO or VP. They lead.
You get
That one part rebuilt with your engineers, shipped, measured and handed over.
Time
Several days a week, 6–8 weeks or ongoing
~$45–75K per project, or monthly
04 · Build

Build

No team yet? I build it with you.
For
A founder with a vision and a budget, and no engineering team yet.
Where I sit
Founding engineering leader, until your permanent leader is hired and ready.
You get
The founding hires, foundations, culture and tools, AI included, built right from the first commit.
Time
Half time to nearly full time
from ~$22K / month
AssessAdviseAccelerateBuild
Who leadsYouYouYouMe, until your hire
My time2 weeks~1 day / weekSeveral days / weekHalf to most of the week
ScopeFixed1–2 goals / monthOne part of the teamThe whole team
Ends withBaseline + planMonthly scorecardBefore/after scorecardA team that runs without me
Free first stepA conversation. Message me on LinkedIn: it keeps the spam out and means I'll actually read it.
LinkedIn →
InvestorsEvaluating a company? The 72-hour AI Reality Check tells you if the AI is real before you sign.
Investor page →
Results

Results

Things I started that nobody asked for, and that are still running.

87%
Less time per report · Microsoft
before
after 

A production AI system for investigators who spent 40 hours writing each report.

The number I'm prouder of: they use it every day, because they trust it.
10+ yrs
Still in use · Apple

A clandestine software project I started and led: about 50,000 lines that replaced the incumbent test software. It's still being used more than a decade later.

Nobody asked me to build it.
2
Ladders · Google

Senior titles on both the hardware and software ladders at Google. Two separate promotion committees, both passed. In ten years I met no one else who'd done it.

Why I can speak to both halves of a hardware team.
FCC
Specs adopted · Vanu

I defined the technical specs the FCC adopted for software-defined radio. An entire class of hardware now operates under rules I shaped.

Ask me whether I thought about writing them to favor us.
1st
Class 3 permissive change

A new radio modulation added through a software update, the first time that had ever been certified. It's the cert that let the company book revenue for the quarter.

Trillions
Test results · Nest

The test platform I built became the org-wide standard at Nest, with services that pushed trillions of test results into BigQuery.

Adopted because it was built around how teams actually worked.
Started without being askedBuilt to outlast meBridging two worldsClose to the userCalm under real stakesGrowing people
Vanu · MIT spinout

I created the radio department.

A software-defined radio startup with, somehow, no radio engineers. I was hired as a field engineer and ended up inventing the department. I defined the specs the FCC adopted for the whole industry, and the CEO and COO were counting on my projects to keep the lights on.

Find the gap nobody owns, and build what fills it.

Apple · iPhone and iPad

I started a clandestine software project.

I was hired to build the software that ran the RF tests. I saw a better architecture and toolset that would speed up development for everyone, so I quietly led a project to replace the incumbent software. About 50,000 lines and a team I ran for two years. It became so popular that it's still in use more than ten years later.

Nobody directed it. Once it proved itself, it became the standard.

Apple · the factory floor

Only compliant phones left the line.

I tested iPhones to FCC specs and designed the factory testing so that only FCC-compliant iPhones and iPads shipped. I built the RF test station for the iPad lines and spent real time on the Foxconn floor, on the highest-production phone ever made.

Get close to where the product is actually made.

Google · Nest WiFi

I created the test lab.

I joined the Google WiFi team when it was six people. I planned, budgeted and built the multi-million-dollar wireless lab for what became Google Nest WiFi: decided what to measure, wrote the code to run the lab, and wrote the analysis tools. The product's performance rode on those choices.

Build the thing the team will depend on for years.

Microsoft · production AI

I sat with the users first.

The customers weren't engineers. I spent the early weeks sitting with the investigators, learning how they actually think, and designed the AI around their workflow, keeping them in control of its output. That's why they trust it, and why it got used.

Adoption is the metric. Cleverness isn't.

A large agriculture company · fractional CTO

Nothing broke when I left.

A vision for a data platform and no team to build it. I shaped the strategy with the CEO, architected and shipped a terabyte-scale platform, then hired and mentored the permanent team that runs it today.

The handoff is part of the job, not the end of it.

How I build teams

How I build teams

People first, then culture, then tools. AI is one of the tools.

I install the engineering culture of Google and Apple in teams being built today, but only the good parts. (Apple's shouting matches at sprint planning? Leave those.)

01People

Good engineers can work anywhere. I look for the ambitious ones who are stuck, bored and under-leveled somewhere else, and offer them a role a level up with real ownership. The great ones jump; the mediocre ones don't. That's how you know. I was part of Google's interviewing and hiring machine, and how they pick engineers is an art form.

02Culture

Real ownership with the authority to match. A path to grow. And the high-five-at-every-bug-fix camaraderie that makes hard work feel good. One Friday night at Apple my team integrated modules that had never run together, live, with the customer watching, and shipped. The team was happy, so we crushed it.

03Tools, AI included

Code got cheap. The hard part moved: knowing what to build and knowing whether it works. So the engineering goes into specs and tests that live outside the code, review gates and spend limits. Point AI at the drudgery engineers hate and leave them the art. AI is a mech-suit, not a replacement.

Built in-house

You own what gets built. Vendors can ship fast and leave you a system you can't afford to change. I build with your engineers, in your repos, on your accounts, so the team that has to live with it is the team that made it.

When your team is confident and the numbers are moving, your own people take over the process I built, and I fade out to find my next beginning. Everyone wins.

Hardware teams

Hardware teams

Not AI in the device. AI in the team that builds it.

If your company has hardware, a factory production run, and software on the device or in the cloud, that whole cycle can be faster and better with AI used well. Almost nobody is showing hardware teams how. I've worked every stage of that cycle.

01

Prototype

  • bring-up scripts
  • test plans from specs
02

Test

  • test code and automation
  • failure triage from logs
03

Certification

  • results checked against spec limits
  • report prep
04

Factory run

  • yield and test-data analysis
  • drifting stations flagged
05

Device & cloud software

  • agents with review gates
  • hardware and software schedules in sync
What I've doneWhere
Tested iPhones to FCC specs; designed factory testing so only compliant iPhones and iPads shippedApple
RF test station for the iPad lines at Foxconn, concept to productionApple
Cellular and WiFi certification test framework that hardware engineers could maintain themselvesApple
Created the multi-million-dollar wireless lab for Google WiFiGoogle
Outgoing quality control overhaul at contract manufacturers in ChinaGoogle
Defined the FCC specs for software-defined radio; first Class 3 permissive changeVanu

Why this is rare

Most AI-for-engineering help stops at the software repo. Hardware teams have the slowest, most expensive loops: lab time, certification, factory runs. That's where a smarter team gets the biggest gains.

I held senior titles on both the hardware and software ladders at Google, so I can sit with both halves of your team and speak their language.

Software only? Still a yes. Your scorecard just skips the hardware row.

My current interests

My current interests

I'm selective about the work I take. Here's what I'm looking for.

Software and…

Projects where being a standard software expert isn't enough: ambitious scope, an unclear path, and work that spans data, vendors, factories, radios and morale.

Does this need leadership across diverse areas?

You value your people.

More important than technical ambition is the team. If the people and the culture are good, ambition and achievement flow easily.

Tell me how you take care of your teams.

The project means something.

I've built rural cellular coverage, part of the factory that made millions of iPhones, satellite phones and missile defense systems.

What is it going to do for the world?

The CTO part.

These days I'm probably not the best coder in the building. I understand the product, the business and the customers well enough to shape the engineering org around them.

What does the CEO need from me?

Scrum… isn't great.

The Agile Manifesto is brilliant. Heavy Scrum isn't how FAANG teams work. I build teams of empowered individuals who ship 2–5× faster.

Would I have room to build a culture like that?

AI people actually use.

Not AI theater. Tools your engineers trust and pick up on their own, because they make the work better and leave them the fun parts.

What would your team do with a mech-suit?
I like interesting, meaningful problems, and building a well-oiled team that solves them.
Who I'm not

Who I'm not

A CTO got hired to build something new at a fairly large company, big enough to spend tens of millions on a new engineering org. His pitch: he'd solved this exact thing before, for the competitor.

At Google, the project would have taken a team of about ten engineers. He hired maybe 200. I was on a call with 50 of them at once. Teams were measured on story points shipped: not code quality, not features, not regressions. Ship too few and you were fired.

He had a 10-person problem. He solved it by drowning 200 people in fear.

He treated the people as tools. I treat the tools as tools.

By his boss's measure he was a success: a giant team, a giant bill, and the project got built. At ten times the cost in dollars, in the people who left, and in the people who stayed and spent half their time shipping story points.

I only watched from the sidelines. It showed me who I am by showing me who I'm not.

My approach: hire great people, treat them really well, build great things.

I'm also not the right fit if…

  • You want a permanent, full-time CTO with equity. I'll help you hire one.
  • You want a bench of consultants. That's Deloitte. TeamCraft is me, with a few trusted people when the work calls for it.
  • You want someone to just write code. I can introduce you to excellent engineers.
  • Your real problem is product strategy. A product person will serve you better.
  • Fear is the management tool. Then we'd both be miserable.
Byron Kubert
Byron Kubert · Denver, CO · remote everywhere
About me

About me

I build the piece that's missing, then hand it to the people who'll keep it.

In hindsight, most of my career has been fitting together things that don't naturally fit: hardware and software, people and systems, engineering and the business. At Vanu it was a radio department that didn't exist. At Apple it was test software nobody asked me to rebuild, still running a decade later. At Google it was a wireless lab and a test platform. At Microsoft it was AI that people actually trust.

I could make more money selling bigger teams. I have enough money. I'm in this because I like building things, building teams, and building up the people on them. Happier people build better stuff and make the company more money. The scorecard is just how I prove it.

2022–now
TeamCraft Software · Founder, fractional CTOProduction AI for Microsoft's investigation team; fractional CTO and chief architect for a large agriculture company.
2013–2023
Google / Nest · Sr. Software & Sr. Hardware EngineerNest test platform and data infrastructure; Google WiFi lab; factory quality work in China.
2009–2013
Apple · Sr. Software EngineerRF test software for iPhone; cellular and WiFi certification test framework; FCC compliance testing in the factory; iPad RF test station at Foxconn.
2004–2009
Vanu, Inc. · Member of Technical StaffSoftware-defined radio; FCC specs; first Class 3 permissive change; created the radio department.
FAQ

Questions

Stuff people ask before they reach out.

Are you going to replace me?
No. If you're the CTO or VP, I work for you, not around you. The assessment report goes to you first, the scorecard is your team's result to present, and I don't take a permanent title on your org chart. I like the building more than the running, and leaving is always the plan. If a company wants to replace its engineering leader, that's a different job, and not one I take.
Is AI going to replace my engineers?
No. AI is a tool. Your engineers are the people who direct it, and your customers are the people who decide if it worked. I make the tools better so your people can do more, and so the same happy team ships more. Lower cost per feature should mean more features, not fewer people.
What if the numbers don't move?
Then the scorecard says so, and we talk about why. A baseline is useful even then: it shows where the real bottleneck is, which is usually not where the last vendor said it was. I'd rather show you an honest flat line than a pretty fake curve.
What's the difference between Accelerate and Build?
Accelerate is for a team that already exists: I work next to your leader on one part of it, and they stay in charge. Build is for when there's no team yet: I act as the founding engineering leader, hire the first engineers, set up the foundations, and hand it all to your permanent leader once they're in place.
Why is "People" on an engineering scorecard?
Because that's where AI rollouts are actually failing. Engineers who don't trust the tools route around them. Seniors drowning in review leave. Incentives that reward token use get you tokens. If you only measure the pipeline, you miss the part that decides whether the pipeline survives the year.
Why don't you count "% of code written by AI"?
It goes up whether or not anything gets better, and it's easy to game. It tells you how much code the AI typed, not whether it was right, whether anyone had to fix it, or whether customers got something. Cycle time, defects and total cost per feature tell you that.
Why not just hire a full-time AI lead?
You probably should, eventually. But people who've actually turned AI into measured results are rare and slow to hire, and a mis-hire hurts. I can start now, build it with your team, and help you hire the permanent person. They'll walk into a system that already works, with a scorecard showing it.
Our engineers are smart. Why do we need help with AI?
Smart isn't the whole story; how you incentivize smart people matters. AI has amazing potential, and it's also a pit you can endlessly shovel time and money into. Pick the low-hanging fruit, build tools that solve it for everyone, and get them adopted. That last part is the hard part, and it's a people problem.
Why don't you list the technologies and stacks you use?
Because the stack isn't the product. AI can write in almost any language, with almost any framework, and when a project needs deep domain expertise, we hire that expert. What I deliver is the engineering team: the people, the culture and the tools that let them pick the right stack, and change it when they need to. I've shipped everything from RF test stations on factory lines to cloud data platforms to production AI, and the hard part was never the language.
We don't build hardware. Is this still for us?
Yes. Everything here works for any engineering team. Your scorecard just skips the hardware row.
Are you remote?
Mostly, and I love in-person time. Early on I'll fly out often; from Denver I can be in most US cities by tomorrow. Some things work much better in the same room, like getting a team to trust a new way of working.
The next step

Got an interesting problem
and a team worth investing in?

Machines build. People direct. Customers decide.

Happy team, happy customers. Let's have some fun and make some money.

If you are growing a team, changing how engineering works with AI, or navigating a difficult technical transition, I would love to hear what you are building. Based in Denver; working with teams across the U.S.